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Rosenmontag (Carnival Monday)

Rosenmontag (Carnival Monday)

The peak of the German carnival, two days before Lent. Cologne, Düsseldorf and Mainz each send a parade of satirical floats through the streets, and offices in the Rhineland simply close.

When it falls

The Monday before Ash Wednesday, forty-eight days before Easter. The season officially opens the previous 11 November at 11:11.

The Phala almanac gives the exact day for your own city; the lunar and solar rules above are what it computes from.

The story

The Rhineland carnival is a licensed inversion: the city is handed to a Prince, Peasant and Maiden, and the floats are built to insult whoever has earned it that year — politicians most of all, by name and likeness.

Cologne, Düsseldorf and Mainz each send their own parade, and the rivalry between them is part of it. Offices, schools and shops in the Rhineland simply close, though it is not a legal holiday anywhere.

How the day is kept

  • The parade runs for hours and throws Kamelle — sweets and small gifts — into the crowd by the tonne.
  • Costumes are worn all day and Kölsch is drunk; the greeting is Alaaf in Cologne and Helau in Düsseldorf and Mainz, and using the wrong one is the joke.
  • Weiberfastnacht, the Thursday before, is when women cut off men's ties in the street and the street carnival begins.

Watch

Videos from YouTube, each credited to its channel. Tap one to play it here, or open it on YouTube.

Processions and parades
The Rose Monday parade in CologneThe full Rosenmontagszug in 4K, with the Kamelle thrown into the crowd by the tonne.Courtesy of Peaceful Walking Tours · Watch on YouTube
The story
How political the floats get · In GermanThe satirical floats are the point: WDR on what Cologne, Düsseldorf and Mainz chose to insult this year, and who complained.Courtesy of WDR aktuell · Watch on YouTube
Celebrations
Forty-eight hours of KarnevalThe season from Weiberfastnacht to Rosenmontag, in costume, with Alaaf in Cologne and Helau elsewhere.Courtesy of Traveling Expats · Watch on YouTube

More world days

The Phala almanac shows this day where it falls for your own city — sunrise, tithi and all five limbs, anywhere on earth. See how the almanac works →