← All festivalsSt Nicholas' Day

The night of 5 December children leave a boot outside the door, and St Nicholas fills it with nuts, oranges and chocolate. Kept across Germany, Austria, Switzerland and the Low Countries, distinct from Christmas.

When it falls

6 December, the death day of Nicholas of Myra. In the Netherlands the main evening is the 5th, Sinterklaasavond.

The Phala almanac gives the exact day for your own city; the lunar and solar rules above are what it computes from.

The story

Nicholas was a fourth-century bishop in what is now Turkey. The story that made him is the three sisters whose father could not dower them: he threw gold in at the window three nights running, which is why the gift arrives at night and unseen.

He is the origin of Santa Claus by way of the Dutch Sinterklaas, but on the continent he stayed a separate figure with his own day, and Christmas is not his.

How the day is kept

  • Children clean a boot and leave it outside the door on the evening of the 5th; it is filled with nuts, tangerines, chocolate and a small toy.
  • He arrives in person in Dutch and German towns, in a bishop's mitre and not a red hood, with a companion who carries the switch.
  • Speculaas and Lebkuchen belong to the day, and the Dutch write rhyming poems to go with the presents.

Watch

Videos from YouTube, each credited to its channel. Tap one to play it here, or open it on YouTube.

Rituals and customs
What goes in the bootThe boot cleaned and left outside on the evening of the fifth, and what is found in it on the sixth.Courtesy of Carolin Mader · Watch on YouTube
The story
St Nicholas in Austria, filmed in 1934British Pathé's newsreel of the saint and his companion going house to house — the older, sterner version of the visit.Courtesy of British Pathé · Watch on YouTube
Celebrations
Did Nikolaus come?A German household's sixth of December, and why the day stays separate from Christmas on the continent.Courtesy of Jesse López Vlog · Watch on YouTube

More holy days

The Phala almanac shows this day where it falls for your own city — sunrise, tithi and all five limbs, anywhere on earth. See how the almanac works →